Utilitarianism on Superphysics

General Remarks

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

What is the foundation of morality?

What is Utilitarianism?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

People who use utility as the moral basis usually make the ignorant blunder of defining utility as being opposed to pleasure.

Pro-utility writers, from Epicurus to Bentham, defined it not something as different from pleasure, but pleasure itself. It includes an exemption from pain.

General Remarks

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Some kinds of pleasure are more desirable and more valuable than others.

What is this difference of quality in pleasures? What makes one pleasure more valuable than another?

The Ultimate Sanction Of The Principle Of Utility

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

What are the motives to obey a moral standard? What is the source of its obligation? Whence does it derive its binding force?

Moral standards arise whenever a person is called on to adopt a standard or refer morality to any basis on which he has not been accustomed to rest it.

What Proofs are Needed by The Principle Of Utility

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Ordinarily, ultimate ends do not admit of proof. To be incapable of proof by reasoning is common to all first principles; to the first premises of our knowledge, as well as to those of our conduct.

The Connection Between Justice And Utility

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

One of the strongest obstacles to the doctrine that Utility or Happiness is the criterion of right and wrong.

This has been drawn from the idea of Justice which is the powerful sentiment that resembles instinct.

The Communists

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Some Communists consider it unjust that the produce of the labour of the community should be shared only based on exact equality.

The essential ingredients in the sentiment of justice

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The 2 essential ingredients in the sentiment of justice are:

The desire to punish a person who has done harm
The knowledge or belief that there is some definite individual/s to whom harm has been done.

The desire to punish a person who has done harm to some individual, is a spontaneous outgrowth from 2 sentiments:

Utility is an uncertain standard

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Utility is an uncertain standard which every different person interprets differently. There is no safety but in the immutable, ineffaceable, and unmistakeable dictates of Justice, which carry their evidence in themselves, and are independent of the fluctuations of opinion.