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    <title>Countries and Cities on Superphysics</title>
    <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/</link>
    <description>Recent content in Countries and Cities on Superphysics</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Monuments and Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-01/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-01/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- COUNTRIES AND CITIES, 1&#xA;AND ALL OTHER (FORMS OF) SEDENTARY&#xA;CIVILIZATION. THE CONDITIONS OCCURRING THERE.&#xA;PRIMARY AND SECONDARY (CONSIDERATIONS)&#xA;IN THIS CONNECTION. --&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2 id=&#34;1-dynasties-are-prior-to-towns-and-cities&#34;&gt;1. Dynasties are prior to towns and cities&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Towns and cities are secondary products of royal authority because building and city planning are features of sedentary culture arising from luxury and tranquility.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Only a strong royal authority is able to construct large cities and high monuments</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-03/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-03/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- ## 3. Only a strong royal authority is able to construct large cities and high monuments --&gt;&#xA;&lt;!-- We have mentioned this before in connection with buildings and other&#xA;dynastic (monuments). 11  --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The size of monuments is proportional to the importance of the various dynasties.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>City-planning and the Neglecting of It</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-05/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-05/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- ## 5. Requirements, for the planning of towns and the  --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Towns are dwelling places that nations use when they have reached the desired goal of luxury and of the things that go with it. Then, they prefer tranquility and quiet and turn to using houses to dwell in.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>History of Jerusalem</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-06c/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-06c/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Jerusalem is &amp;ldquo;the Most Remote Mosque.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It began in the time of the Sabians as the site of a temple to Venus.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The Sabians used oil as a sacrificial offering and poured it upon the rock that was there.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The History of the Ka&#39;bah</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-06/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-06/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;the-mosques-and-venerated-buildings-of-the-world&#34;&gt;The mosques and venerated buildings of the world&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;God singled out some places of the earth for special honor and made them the homes of His worship. &lt;!-- (People who worship in them) receive a much greater reward and recompense (than people who worship elsewhere).  --&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Jurhum</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-06b/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-06b/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;The Jurhum, as descendants of the maternal uncles of the children of Ishmael, continued their administration of the House after them.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Eventually, the Khuza&amp;rsquo;ah ousted them and remained there after them, as long as God wanted them to remain.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Islamic Infrastructure</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-07/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-07/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;7-there-are-few-cities-and-towns-in-ifriqiyah-and-the-maghrib&#34;&gt;7. There are few cities and towns in Ifriqiyah and the Maghrib.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because these regions belonged to the Berbers for thousands of years before Islam, as a Bedouin civilization.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The wealth and economic activity between cities depend on their population size</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-11/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-11/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;This is because each person cannot obtain all the necessities of life by himself. &lt;!-- All human beings must co-operate to that end in their civilization. 102 But what is obtained through the co-operation of a group of human beings satisfies the need of a number many times greater (than themselves).  --&gt; For instance, no one, by himself, can obtain the wheat that he needs for food.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Prices in Towns</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-12/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-12/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- ## 12. The Prices in towns --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;All markets cater to the needs of people.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some are for necessities:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;foodstuffs like wheat and barley&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;foods, such as beans, chick-peas, peas, and other edible grains&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;wholesome foods such as onions, garlic, and the like.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Some are for conveniences or luxuries:&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Differences in Prosperity and Poverty Are The Same In Rural As In Urban</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-14/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-14/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- ## 14. Differences with regard to prosperity and poverty are the same in countries as in cities --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;An abundant civilization has many nations, properties, and cities.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;The condition of many of its people is favorable.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Their dynasties and realms are large.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because they have a lot of available labor that brings wealth.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Capital Accumulation</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-15/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-15/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;15-the-accumulation-of-estates-and-farms-in-cities-their-uses-and-yields&#34;&gt;15. The accumulation of estates and farms in cities, their uses and yields.&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The accumulation of numerous estates and farms by the citizens does not come all at one time.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Sedentary Culture in Cities Comes From the Dynasties</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-17/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-17/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;A city&amp;rsquo;s culture is firmly rooted when the dynasty is continuous and firmly rooted. This is because sedentary culture is a condition that is the result of custom and goes beyond the necessary conditions of civilization.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sedentary culture is the goal of civilization</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-18/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-18/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- The end of its life span and brings about its corruption. --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Royal authority and the foundation of dynasties are the goal of group feeling.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Sedentary culture is the goal of Bedouin life.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cities that are the seats of royal authority fall into ruins when the ruling dynasty collapses</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-19/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-19/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;When a dynasty disintegrates and crumbles, the civilization of the city that is the seat of the ruler of (that dynasty) also crumbles.  There hardly ever is any delay.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This has many reasons:&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Certain cities have crafts that others lack</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-20/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-20/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- ## 20. Certain cities have crafts that others lack. --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because the activities of the citizens necessitate each other, since mutual co-operation is innate in civilization. The necessary activities are restricted to certain inhabitants of the city.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Dialects of the Urban Population</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-22/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-4/part-22/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- The necessary activities are restricted to certain inhabitants of the city --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The dialects of the urban population follow the language of the nation or race that has control of (the cities in question) or has founded them.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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