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    <title>Human Civilization on Superphysics</title>
    <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/</link>
    <description>Recent content in Human Civilization on Superphysics</description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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    <item>
      <title>The Science of Sociology</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-1/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-1/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- FIRST PREFATORY DISCUSSION --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Human society is necessary. The philosophers expressed this by saying= &amp;ldquo;Man is `political&amp;rsquo; by nature.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;He cannot do without the social organization for which the philosophers use the technical term &amp;ldquo;town&amp;rdquo; (polis).&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Earth</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2a/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2a/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- SECOND PREFATORY DISCUSSION --&gt;&#xA;&lt;!-- The parts of the earth where civilization is found. Some&#xA;information about oceans, rivers, and zones. --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Philosophers speculated about the condition of the world in the books. They say that the earth is a sphere enveloped by water, like a grape floating on water.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Geocentric Universe</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2b/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2b/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO THE SECOND PREFATORY DISCUSSION --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The first and the second of the cultivated zones have less civilization than the other zones.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The latter:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;is interspersed with empty waste areas and sandy deserts&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;has the Indian Ocean to the east.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Zones 1 and 2 have few nations and populations.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Detailed Description of the Map of the Earth</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2c/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2c/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;The map of the earth was done by the author of the Book of Roger.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;!-- Then, we shall give a detailed description of the map. --&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;figure class=&#34;text-center pb-5&#34;&gt;&#xA;&#x9;&lt;img src=&#34;https://www.superphysics.org/graphics/history/earth.jpg&#34; alt=&#34;Earth map&#34; class=&#34;rounded-lg shadow mx-auto &#34; loading=&#34;lazy&#34;&gt;&#xA;&#x9;&#xA;&lt;/figure&gt;&#xA;&#xA;&lt;!-- ### DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MAP 44 --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;I will give a detailed description and a general description.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Seven Zones</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2d/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2d/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;The ancient philosophers divided the cultivated part of the earth in the north into 7 zones by means of imaginary lines running from west to east. They maintain that these zones have different latitudinal extensions.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zone 1: Egypt, Yemen, Sri Lanka, Korea</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2e/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2e/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;The Canaries from which Ptolemy began the determination of geographical longitude, are in the west. They are not part of the land mass of the first zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;They lie in the Surrounding Sea. A number of islands constitute them. The largest and best known are three in number. They are said to be cultivated.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zone 2: Ghana, Kashmir, China</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2f/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2f/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;zone-2&#34;&gt;Zone 2&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is contiguous with the northern boundary of the first zone.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Opposite its western limit in the Surrounding Sea are two of Canary Islands. At the southernmost part of the first and second sections of the second zone, there is the land of Qamnuriyah.95&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zone 3</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2g/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2g/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;zone-3&#34;&gt;Zone 3&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is contiguous with the northern boundary of Zone 2.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;h3 id=&#34;section-1&#34;&gt;Section 1&lt;/h3&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is about 1/3 of the way from the southernmost part of the zone, contains the Atlas Mountain 1 07 which runs from the western part of the first section at the Surrounding Sea to the eastern end of the section.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zone 4</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2h/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2h/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;This is contiguous with the northern part of Zone 3.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Its first section, in the west, contains a portion of the Surrounding Sea which, oblong in shape, extends from the southern to the northern boundary of the section. The city of Tangier is situated on it in the south. North of Tangier, the Mediterranean branches off from this portion of the Surrounding Sea in a narrow straits that is only twelve miles wide, Tarifa and Algeciras (lying) to the north of it and Qasr al-Majaz 143 and Ceuta to the south of it.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zone 5</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2i/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2i/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Most of the first section of the fifth zone is covered by water, except a small portion of the south and of the east. In this western region, the Surrounding Sea enters into the fifth, sixth, and seventh zones from the circle it describes around the zones.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zone 6</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2j/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2j/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h2 id=&#34;section-1&#34;&gt;Section 1&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Half of this section is mostly covered by the sea, which stretches eastward in a curving line along the northern part, then runs southward along the eastern part, and ends near the southern part of the section.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zone 7</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2k/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-2k/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;The Surrounding Sea covers most of Zone 7 in the north from the beginning to the middle of Section 5, where it touches the Qufaya Mountains that surround Gog and Magog.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The temperate and the intemperate zones</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-3/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-3/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- THIRD PREFATORY DISCUSSION --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The inuence of the air upon the color of human beings and upon many (other) aspects of their condition.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The cultivated region of that part of the earth which is not covered by water has its center toward the north, because of the excessive heat in the south and the excessive cold in the north. The north and the south represent opposite extremes of cold and heat.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Influence of Climate on Human Character</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-4/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-4/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- FOURTH PREFATORY DISCUSSION --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Negroes generally:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;have levity, excitability, and great emotionalism.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;are eager to dance whenever they hear a melody&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;are everywhere described as stupid&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This is because:&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Benefits of a Low Calorie Diet</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-5/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-5/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- FIFTH PREFATORY DISCUSSION --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Not all the temperate zones:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;are abundant with food, nor&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;have inhabitants with a comfortable life&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;In some parts, the people enjoy an abundance of grain, seasonings, wheat, and fruits, because:&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Bad Effects of Abundance on the Body</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-5b/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-5b/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;The influence of abundance on the body is apparent even in matters of religion and divine worship.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The frugal inhabitants of the desert and those of settled areas who have accustomed themselves to hunger and to abstinence from pleasures are more religious and more ready for divine worship than people who live in luxury and abundance.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The types of humans who have supernatural perception</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6a/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6a/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- SIXTH PREFATORY DISCUSSION&#xA;The various types of human beings who have supernatural perception either through natural disposition or&#xA;through exercise, preceded by a discussion of inspiration&#xA;and dream visions. --&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2 id=&#34;prophets&#34;&gt;Prophets&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;God has chosen certain individuals so that they might know Him. He made them connecting links between Himself and His servants.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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    <item>
      <title>The 5 Elements</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6b/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6b/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- ## Prophecy  --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This world has a certain order and solid construction. It shows nexuses between:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;causes and effect&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;combinations of some parts of creation with others&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;transformations of some existent things into others&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;These patterns are remarkable and endless.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Three Kinds of Human Souls for Spiritual Perception</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6c/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6c/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;As far as this process of spiritual perception, human souls are of three kinds.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;Those too weak by nature to arrive at spiritual perception.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ol&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;It is satisfied to move downwards towards:&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Prophecy</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6d/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6d/</guid>
      <description>&lt;!-- This is the meaning of the tradition in which the Prophet explained revelation, in reply to a question by  --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;AlHarith b. Hisham 281 asked the Prophet Mohammad how the revelation came to him. Muhammad replied,&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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      <title>Prophecy versus Soothsaying</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6e/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6e/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;The highest rank of soothsaying is the state in which rhymed prose is used, because the support derived from rhymed prose is lighter than any other support, such as that derived from vision or hearing.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Dream visions</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6f/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6f/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Real dream vision is an awareness on the part of the rational soul in its spiritual essence, of glimpses of the forms of events.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The soul is spiritual. The forms of events have actual existence in it, as is the case with all spiritual essences.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Dream Words</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6g/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6g/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Note: Most of the afore-mentioned supernatural perception by means of dream visions occurs to human beings unintentionally and without their having power over it. The soul occupies itself with a thing. As a result, it obtains that glimpse of the supernatural while it is asleep, and it sees that thing. It does not plan it that way.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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      <title>Soothsaying and Supernatural Perception</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6h/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6h/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Soothsayers are persons who:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;gaze into transparent bodies, such as mirrors, bowls, or water, and&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;examine the hearts, livers, and bones of animals, as well as those who cast pebbles and (date) pits&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;!-- they are constitutionally less well fitted for supernatural perception than soothsayers. --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;The real soothsayer does not need to make much of an effort in order to lift the veil of sensual perception.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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      <title>Supernatural Perception Through Near-Death Experience</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6i/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6i/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Some people have supernatural perceptions in the transition from waking to sleeping.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This taps the supernatural knowledge of the unconscious which then speaks about the thing being asked.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;This happens only when one has lost the power to control one&amp;rsquo;s words, talking as if by innate compulsion.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
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      <title>Fools Versus The Insane</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6j/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6j/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;Among the adepts of mysticism are fools and imbeciles who are more like insane persons than like rational beings.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Nonetheless, they deservedly attained stations of sainthood and the mystic states of the righteous.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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      <title>Numerology (hisab an-nim)</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6l/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6l/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;These are thus groups that lay down rules for the discovery of the supernatural:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;those that base their rules on the spiritual perceptions of the soul, as Muslims do&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;those that base their rules on speculations on astral influences, as assumed by Ptolemy and the diviners&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;those that base their rules on the guesswork and conjecturing of the diviners&#xA;&lt;ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;These are nothing but mistakes which they throw out like snares for weakminded people&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;li&gt;This is called hisab an-nim 359  is mentioned at the end of the Politics of Aristotle.&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;/li&gt;&#xA;&lt;/ul&gt;&#xA;&lt;!-- , as well as from the guesswork and conjecturing with which the diviners work.  --&gt;&#xA;&lt;!-- I shall mention only as much of (the subject) as is mentioned in literature and has aroused&#xA;the interest of distinguished men. --&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Hisab an-nim aims to predict the victor and the vanquished when kings go to war with each other. The procedure is to add the numerical total of the letters in the name of each king, according to the system of calculation in which the letters of the alphabet in the sequence alif, b, j . . . are given the numerical values of units, tens, hundreds, and thousands from 1 to 1,000.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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      <title>Sand Writing as Geomancy</title>
      <link>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6k/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      <guid>https://www.superphysics.org/research/ibn-khaldun/muqaddimah/chapter-1/part-6k/</guid>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;In order to discover the supernatural and know the future, some of the common people invented a craft called &amp;ldquo;sand writing&amp;rdquo; (geomancy). They form combinations of dots in four &amp;ldquo;ranks.&amp;rdquo;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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